Pathology is a branch of medical science that involves the study and diagnosis of diseases. It is a critical field in medicine, as it helps in understanding the causes, development, and effects of various illnesses. Pathology is divided into two main areas:

1. Anatomical Pathology: This focuses on studying diseases through the examination of organs, tissues, and whole bodies (autopsy). Anatomical pathologists make diagnoses based on the microscopic, macroscopic, molecular, immunologic, and biochemical examination of organs and tissues. It includes subfields like histopathology, cytopathology, and forensic pathology.

2. Clinical Pathology: Also known as laboratory medicine, it involves the analysis of blood, urine, and other body fluids to diagnose diseases. Clinical pathologists oversee laboratories and are experts in the interpretation of laboratory tests. This area includes hematology, clinical microbiology, chemical pathology, and molecular genetics.

Pathologists play a vital role in healthcare, aiding in the diagnosis of diseases, guiding treatment decisions, and conducting research to further understand various medical conditions. They work closely with other healthcare professionals, providing essential information that influences patient care and treatment outcomes